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Symptom guide · Pregnancy Smart

Flu-season immune support: first trimester

Assigned clinical reviewerPerry Friedman· MD, FACOG-MFMDraft · pending clinical reviewUpdated

By trimester

Weeks 1–13

1st trimester

Top priorities right now: get the flu shot, wash your hands often, sleep enough, stay hydrated, and keep taking your prenatal vitamin. Check with your provider before adding any other supplement during this early window.

What does the evidence show for flu-season immune support?

  • The flu shot is recommended in any trimester of pregnancy, and getting it lowers the mother's chance of flu-related hospitalization while also protecting the baby during their first months of life. 1
  • The routinely recommended pregnancy vaccines are Tdap, RSV (during a specific window), COVID-19, and the flu shot. 2
  • No single supplement has strong evidence for lowering the risk of respiratory infections in adults generally, and the pregnancy-specific evidence is even thinner. 3
  • Pregnant people face a higher risk of severe flu illness, hospitalization, and complications than non-pregnant adults, which is exactly why vaccination and quick provider contact for flu symptoms matter so much. 4
  • Flu-like symptoms during pregnancy are worth telling a provider about right away, and breathing problems are the complication that can turn a flu case serious enough to need hospitalization. 5

When should I call my provider about flu-season immune support?

Call your provider the same day if flu-like symptoms such as fever, cough, or body aches show up, since pregnancy is a reason providers want to know about the flu right away rather than after it runs its course. Trouble breathing is the specific sign that separates an ordinary case from the kind of respiratory complication that can require hospitalization, so any breathing difficulty belongs in an urgent, same-day call rather than overnight watching. Trust your read on your own body. If something feels off beyond the list above, please consult your healthcare provider rather than waiting it out.

Frequently asked questions

Is the flu shot safe in the first trimester?

Yes. CDC and ACOG recommend the flu shot in any trimester, and large studies haven't linked first-trimester vaccination to birth defects. Just skip the nasal-spray version, since that one uses a live virus.

Do vitamin C, zinc, or elderberry reduce the chance of colds/flu in pregnancy?

The pregnancy-specific evidence for these is limited. Your prenatal vitamin already contains vitamin C and zinc, so stick with that, and talk to your provider before taking more.

What non-supplement immune-support steps have the best evidence?

Vaccination, washing your hands well for 20+ seconds, avoiding sick contacts when you can, sleeping enough, and staying hydrated: the same steps recommended for everyone else.

When should I call my provider about flu-like symptoms?

The same day. Pregnant people are at higher risk for severe flu, and antiviral therapy works best when started early, so don't wait it out.

References

  1. Flu & Pregnancy: CDC

    CDC · https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/pregnant.htm

  2. Guidelines for Vaccinating Pregnant Women: CDC

    CDC · https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines-pregnancy/hcp/vaccination-guidelines/index.html

  3. Dietary Supplements for Immune Function and Infectious Diseases: Consumer (NIH ODS)

    ODS · https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/ImmuneFunction-Consumer/

  4. Flu Vaccine Safety and Pregnancy: CDC

    CDC · https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccine-safety/vaccine-pregnant.html

  5. Seasonal Influenza (the Flu): MotherToBaby Fact Sheet

    MotherToBaby · https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/seasonal-influenza-the-flu-pregnancy/

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.