What happens if a baby has an undescended testicle?

What does the evidence show for an undescended testicle in a baby?

• One or both testicles can remain outside the scrotum at birth, and the finding is more common after premature birth. It usually does not cause pain. The physical examination helps establish whether a testicle can be felt and where it is located. 1
• A retractile testicle temporarily moves upward with a muscle reflex and differs from one that has not descended or has moved into a persistently high position. Ongoing examination matters. Parents should not try to force a testicle down or decide the distinction from one diaper change. 2
• If descent has not occurred by around six months, specialist referral is important; ask how timing is adjusted for prematurity. Ultrasound is usually not needed before referral and should not delay evaluation. A careful examination often provides the information needed for the next step. 2
• Orchiopexy moves and secures the testicle in the scrotum. The operation supports future examination and testicular function, but the plan depends on location and other findings. Some children need staged procedures, so ask the surgeon what applies to your baby. 3
• Sudden groin or scrotal pain, swelling or vomiting can signal twisting that threatens blood supply. A known undescended testicle does not make acute pain routine. Seek emergency assessment rather than waiting for the planned urology appointment. 4

When should I call my provider about an undescended testicle in a baby?

Seek emergency care for sudden groin or scrotal pain, new swelling or discoloration, especially with vomiting or marked distress. These changes should not wait for a scheduled appointment. Do not attempt to reposition the testicle at home.