Is lactic acid safe during pregnancy?

What does the evidence say about lactic acid during pregnancy?

1. Lactic acid peels were rated as safe in a systematic review of cosmetic procedures during pregnancy and lactation, while trichloroacetic and salicylic acid peels were listed to avoid or approach with caution. 1
2. Lactic acid and glycolic acid are the two alpha hydroxy acids used most in cosmetic products, and how deeply they exfoliate depends on the acid, its concentration, the product pH, and the rest of the formula. 2
3. ACOG's list of over-the-counter skincare ingredients acceptable in pregnancy covers benzoyl peroxide, azelaic acid, topical salicylic acid, and glycolic acid, and advises contacting your ob-gyn about ingredients outside that list. 3
4. Only a small amount of a topical product reaches the bloodstream through intact skin, and absorption rises when the skin barrier is broken or a large area is covered. 4
5. FDA advises the same handling for alpha and beta hydroxy acid cosmetics: patch test a small area first, follow the label directions, do not exceed the recommended applications, and use sun protection. 5

Is lactic acid safe in each trimester?

• First trimester. Fine to continue. Lactic acid sits at the gentler end of the alpha hydroxy acids, which helps when first-trimester skin is already touchy from hormone shifts.
• Second trimester. A sensible pick as pigment changes appear. Keep the strength modest and layer sunscreen over it, since alpha hydroxy acids leave skin more sun-reactive for about a week.
• Third trimester. Skin sensitivity usually peaks now. Lower the frequency before you lower the strength, and stop if stinging lingers after you rinse.